Game Development Tutorial

There's nothing better than prooving to everybody that you're the best! And you certanly can't do that if your score isn't saved. We are now going to make a high score list. For it to work, we'll need a file, that we'll write the scores into. The scores will be consisted of the following: Score, Level, and Player Name. We'll need a new command button to show the list, and a new label to display the results in it. Add them to your game's form, and apply the next properties to them: 

Button

• (name): butHighScores
• Location: 144; 6
• Size: 126; 53
• Text: High Scores

Label

• (name):lblHighScoreList
• AutoSize:  True
• BackColor:  Web > Transparent
• Font:  Courier New; 14,25pt; style=Bold
• ForeColor:  Web > OrangeRed
• Location: 17; 81
• Size: 0; 22
• Text: [BLANK]
• Visible: False

Ok, and now the code for the button:

// If the High Score list
// isn't visible - show it.
// If it's visible - hide it.
if (lblHighScoreList.Visible == false)
{
  // Show High scores.
  // We'll read the high scores,
  // but won't try to process 
  // the current score:

  // First, hide the game field:
  picGameField.Hide();
  // Call our function that reads
  // the high scores:
  HighScore(false);

  // Reset the text in our label:
  lblHighScoreList.Text = "";

  // This is the cool part:
  // Strings are so fun! You can
  // do just about anything with
  // them in C#! Here, we format
  // the string with PAD functions.
  // Padding means adding characters
  // (or spaces) in front (or back)
  // of the string. Google for more
  // info!

  // Format the header line:
  lblHighScoreList.Text =
  "#".PadLeft(3) + " " +
  "Score".PadRight(8) + " " +
  "Level".PadLeft(5) + " " +
  "Name".PadRight(22) + " " +
  "\n\r"; //New line

  //Read all highscores from the list:
  for (int h = 0; h < ScoreList.Count; h++)
  {
    int p = h + 1;
    lblHighScoreList.Text +=
    p.ToString().PadLeft    (3) + " " +
    ScoreList[h].iScore    .ToString().PadLeft
    (8, '0') + " " +
    ScoreList[h].iLevel    .ToString().PadLeft
    (5) + " " +
    ScoreList[h].sName.PadRight
    (22) + " " +
    "\n\r"; //New line
  }
  // Show the filled label:
  lblHighScoreList.Visible = true;
}
else
{
  // Hide the High Score list,
  // and show the game field:
  picGameField.Show();
  lblHighScoreList.Visible = false;
  picGameField.Refresh();
}

But, we're not done yet. We have to give our player some way to input his name, assuming he made it into the top ten... So, add the next controls, and change their properties as shown:

Panel

• (name): IOBox
• BackColor:  Web > Transparent
• BorderStyle:  FixedSingle
• Location: 301; 6
• Size: 311; 53
• Visible: False

Text Box  !!! PUT IT INSIDE IOBox Panel !!!

• (name):txtHS
• BackColor:  Web > Tan
• BorderStyle:  FixedSingle
• Font:  Microsoft Sans Serif; 12pt; style=Bold
• ForeColor:  Web >Green
• Location: 3; 22
• MaxLenght: 20
• Size:199; 26
• Visible: False

Button  !!! PUT IT INSIDE IOBox Panel !!!

• (name): butIO
• Location: 208; 22
• Size: 100; 26
• Text: Yea!
• Visible: False

Label  !!! PUT IT INSIDE IOBox Panel !!!

• (name): lblHS
• Autosize: True
• Font:  Microsoft Sans Serif; 9pt; style=Bold
• Location: 0; -1
• Size: 312; 15
• Text: You have a high score! Please enter your name:
  
• TextAlign: TopCenter
• Visible: False

Ok, and now the rest of the code - put it in private void HighScore(bool bCalculate)!

// Clear the score list:
ScoreList.Clear();

// Read High scores from file:
// We'll use a file named "wGames.hs".
// It's basicaly a normal text file.
FileStream fileR = 
new FileStream
("wGames.hs", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);
StreamReader reader =
new StreamReader(fileR);

string sRead;
while ((sRead = reader.ReadLine()) != null)
{
  // Read the file line by line.
  // The scores in the file are
  // ordered from the highest to
  // the lowest. A line in the file
  // is in the next form:
  // SCORE;LEVEL;NAME

  // Declare an array of strings,
  // and fill it with the parts
  // of the high-score line,
  // wich we split with the C#
  // built in Split() function!
  string[] aRead =   sRead.Split(';');
  
  // Let's write our scores in a
  // struct.
  stScores ScoreStruct =
  new stScores();
  ScoreStruct.iLevel =   int.Parse(aRead[1]);
  ScoreStruct.iScore =   int.Parse(aRead[0]);
  ScoreStruct.sName =   aRead[2];

  // And add the struct to the
  // ScoreList:
  ScoreList.Add(ScoreStruct);

  // Now, we can sort the Score
  // List:
  ScoreList.Sort(delegate
  (stScores s1, stScores s2)
  { return s2.iScore.CompareTo
  (s1.iScore); });
}

// Close the file:
reader.Dispose();
fileR.Dispose();

// This code checks if we need
// to process the current score,
// because we use this function
// for both, processing, and just
// showing the high score.
if (bCalculate == true)
{
  // If the list contains less than
  // ten scores, we add the current
  // score in the list automatically.
  if (ScoreList.Count > 9)
  {
    // If the list contains ten or
    // more scores, we have to check
    // if the current score is high
    // enough.
    if (ScoreList[9].iScore
    < iScore)
    {
      // We display the HighScore
      // entry controls!
      IOBox.Visible = true;
      lblHS.Visible = true;
      txtHS.Visible = true;
      butIO.Visible = true;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    // We don't show the controls
    // for high score entry!
    IOBox.Visible = true;
    lblHS.Visible = true;
    txtHS.Visible = true;
    butIO.Visible = true;
  }
}

And now, add this code to the butIO's click method:

// Put the current score and
// level number in a struct:
stScores NewScore = new stScores();
NewScore.iScore = iScore;
NewScore.iLevel = iLevel;
// Also, put the player name
// in the same struct. If the
// Player didn't enter a name,
// just call him 'J. Doe'.
// (we don't know if J. stands
// for John or Jane :)
if (txtHS.Text.Trim().Length == 0)
{
  NewScore.sName = "J. Doe";
}
else
{
  // We use ; as a delimiter in
  // our high score file. So, if 
  // the user would enter it in
  // the text box - it would crash
  // our game. That's why we'll
  // replace all the ; with commas.
  txtHS.Text.Replace(';', ',');
  NewScore.sName =   txtHS.Text.Trim();
}

// Add the struct to the list:
ScoreList.Add(NewScore);

// Sort the list:
ScoreList.Sort(delegate
(stScores s1, stScores s2) 
{ return s2.iScore.CompareTo
(s1.iScore); });

// Write the list back into the 
// file. We'll overwrite the old
// file.
StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter("wGames.hs", false);

// See how many scores we have
// to save to the file. If we
// have more than ten scores
// (full list + new score),
// then save just the top
// ten scores!
int lc = ScoreList.Count;
if (lc > 10) lc = 10;

// Write scores to the file,
// line by line!
for (int w = 0; w < lc; w++)
{
  writer.WriteLine
  (ScoreList[w].iScore.ToString()
  + ";" +
  ScoreList[w].iLevel.ToString()
  + ";" +
  ScoreList[w].sName);
}
writer.Dispose();

// And hide the dialog after
// saving the score:
lblHS.Visible = false;
txtHS.Visible = false;
butIO.Visible = false;
IOBox.Visible = false;

And to make this work, we'll have to add a couple of global variables and stuff...( Look at the top of your code, remember?)

//List that holds score structs
List<stScores> ScoreList
= new List<stScores>();

//Struct that holds scores
struct stScores
{
  public int iScore;
  public int iLevel;
  public string sName;
}

Cool? Ok, test your game. It might just work! ;o)

Right! The game's fully functional now (= I hope =). And now comes the 'fun' part - design! :) (as I later found out - not so fun, because I'm 100% graphically challenged)... :c)